Sexual Abuse And Child Violence - 1862 Words

Abuse is currently the number one cause of injury to women in the U.S., four million women every year are abused by men. These women often are disfigured or can develop permanent disabilities. Each year 2,500 deaths occur every year in abusive domestic situations, 1,500 women are killed violently by their perpetrators, and around 1,000 kill their abusers to save themselves (Mankiller). Statistics show that women are more often killed or disfigured by their abusers than are able to save themselves. Women are often being psychologically trapped in abusive relationships due to the cycle of violence as well as the different tactics used by abusers, dangers of leaving, and ideas about marriage formed during childhood. Domestic abuse is a term†¦show more content†¦Soon after, in 1850, 19 of the 50 states had passed laws protecting women, saying that they are allowed to divorce abusive husbands. In 1882, Maryland was the first state to create a law against wife-beating. Throughout the early 1900s more organizations and protests were held to stand against domestic violence. Eventually, in 1993, marital rape was outlawed in all 50 states. In 2005 the Violence Against Women Act was signed by President Bush putting it into action. Beginning with the colonial Americans, who believed that some chastisement was okay, and proceeding until today, when domestic violence has been outlawed, help for the abused and prevention of abuse has been a long struggle (Proquest Staff). The Cycle of Violence is one of the main psychological factors that keeps victims in the relationship, it tricks women into believing that their relationship will change and become loving. The Cycle of Violence theory was introduced by Lenore Walker in her book, The Battered Woman, in 1979. This book states that there are three phases that an abusive relationship cycles through: the tension-building phase, the battering phase, and the honeymoon/make-up period (Haley and Stein 81). The tension-buildi ng phase is the time period where tension increases before the most physically abusive stage. During this time the abuse tends to be psychological, financial, verbal, minor physical, etc. In many cases the abused woman will blame herself and make excuses for her abusersShow MoreRelatedChild Sexual Violence And Sexual Abuse1371 Words   |  6 PagesChild on child sexual violence/assault cases has been on the rise. Sexual Violence is defined by Webster’s dictionary as any illegal sexual contact that usually involves force upon a person without consent or is inflicted upon a person who is incapable of giving consent (as because of age or physical or mental incapacity) or who places the assailant (as a doctor) in a position of trust or authority. There is growing understanding that the vast majority of children who has experienced sexual assaultRead MoreChild Abuse Is A Serious Concern Of Society1570 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Child abuse is a serious concern of society because of the negative effects on later social and psychological functioning. Particularly, the concern of ‘the cycle of violence hypothesis’ which is one of the most influential conceptual models for antisocial behaviour in the social and behavioural science (DeLisi, Kosloski, Vaughn, Caudill, Trulson, 2014; Lansford, Miller-Johnson, Berlin, Dodge, Bates, Pettit, 2007). Numerous studies have documented the association between childhoodRead MoreDentists Can Have A Huge Impact On Their Community And1263 Words   |  6 Pagessystemic disease as well as signs of abuse. Intentionally inflicted trauma affects all age groups, nationalities and ethnicities. It spans from child abuse, partner violence and abuse/neglect of the elderly. As dentists it is very important to know the signs and symptoms of intentionally inflicted trauma. Domestic violence not only affects the children but the partner in a relationship as well. It is estimated that thirty to sixty percent of all domestic violence effects both children and adults.Read MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children1147 Words   |  5 Pagesmad, to you letting him or her put a hand on you domestic violence is not something you should take lightly. Domestic violence does not only happen between a woman and a man, a man and man, or a woman and woman. These types of abuses can be physical, sexual, emotional, and threats of actions that influence another person. In addition, this includes manipulation of any kind, intimidation, hurting, injure or wound someone. Domestic violence is a criminal offense in almost all countries across the worldRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse Is A Problem That Affects People Around The Globe Essay1368 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Child abuse or maltreatment is a problem that affects people around the globe. â€Å"In every country, studies have established a prevalence of abuse far exceeding the scope of the problem that would be inferred from the number of cases that were officially reported† (Finkelhor, 1984). While there are different forms of child abuse or maltreatment which include physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and child neglect, sexual abuse is the most common form. The scope of this paper willRead MoreDomestic Abuse Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesChild and domestic abuse is a serious matter which needs to have additional focus, especially in this day and age. Abuse is most often causes harm to others. Abuse may either be verbal, emotional, or physical or times all three. In today’s society there are many different types of abuse including, physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and neglect. All these types of abuse can affect people in multiple different ways, creati ng anywhere from short term to long term notable effects in the personRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1256 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 2015 Child Abuse Hundreds of thousands of children in the United States are estimated to be victims of sexual, physical, or emotional abuse. Although society recognizes the harm caused by the abuse and neglect of children, many cases go unreported. Moreover, many of the reported cases result in little or no change in the child’s situation. Questions about what should be considered child abuse, when to report suspected abuse, and the proper steps to take to remedy child abuse are hard to answerRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Abuse On Children1441 Words   |  6 Pagesobject, the father leaves the child laying helplessly on the floor. The child wailing out for help from a â€Å"parent†, but no parent comes, so there the child lay balling. How could a parent abuse something they created? A person that is abused feels alone because they do not have a real parent figure, nor a family member to talk to. Some parents claim they spank the child; however, hit the child more than once. Abused chi ldren not only experience the effects of the abuse in childhood, but it also becomesRead More Child Abuse and Neglect Essay1139 Words   |  5 PagesChild Abuse is a very serious issue all throughout the world, in all different countries, cultures, and communities. The four main types of abuse are emotional abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse, and although emotional abuse and neglect are often overlooked, each has just as severe effects on children as sexual and physical abuse (Saisan et al.). The many causes of all kinds of the abuse of children have devastating effects on the child’s life presently and later on in life. ThereRead MoreChild Abuse and Revicitmization896 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Women with a childhood abuse history are around 1.4 to 3.7 times more likely to be sexually assaulted in adulthood, and a majority (around 59%) of women with either childhood sexual assaults (CSA) or adult assaults have experienced both† (Cloitre Rosenberg, 2006). Revictimization for prior victims is an important topic in our society. Knowing and understanding the cycle of abuse can help prevent future victimization for such a vulnerable population. â€Å"This interest is grounded in evidence that

Kanye West Life of the Progressive Hip-Hop Star - 961 Words

as Author Ben Sweetland once said, â€Å"Success is a journey, not a destination.† Kanye West has been an icon in American hip-hop culture for over a decade. His music, fashion line, producing skills, and flamboyant personality has influenced many people for generations to come. Coming out of Chicago, many people in the music industry didnt even think Kanye had a chance to become a figure in hip-hop, but his hard work and persistence paid off. Kanye started off his music career as a producer. He produced music for the likes of major artists such as Common and Jay-Z. His first major breakthrough came from producing Jay-Z’s â€Å"The Blueprint†Ã¢â‚¬â€ which is certified 2x platinum. Kanye believed he could be a successful rapper as well, but music†¦show more content†¦He is known for having a very colorful fashion sense, which is different than most rappers in his time. During his down time from making music, he took an internship with a fashion design company. After his internship, he later started his own fashion line. Kanye has also been kn own to freely speak his mind, which usually comes with some radical statement or opinion. For example, at the 2009 VMAs he interrupted Taylor Swifts acceptances speech on stage to state his opinion the Beyoncà ©s music video was better. Wests impact and importance on the hip-hop community has been immeasurable. He has opened the floodgates to hip-hop music that is considered to be different than mainstream hip-hop. Following his mothers death. Kanye released 808s Heartbreak. This album was full of emotionally pained and auto-tuned lyrics, which is something hip-hop has never seen before. This album is highly credited as the changing point of the views of many hip-hop artists to this day. In 2005, Time magazine included Kanye West on their list of 100 most influential people people. West has also made an impact further than hip-hop as a lot of people look up to him in his fashion marketing. Some people view West as a negative influence for most people because of his outspoken pers onality. As some people view him as a negative influence, others view him as a positive influence because he is a good example that hard work and persistence will help you succeed. Kanye has also startedShow MoreRelatedIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pages..............................................................22 6.2.8.1 Simple versus Perfect aspect ................................................................................................ 22 6.2.8.2 The Simple Aspects: Progressive versus Non-Progressive ................................................ 23 6.2.8.3 The Perfect aspects: Completive and Incompletive ........................................................... 25 6.2.8.4 Tense in Igbo.......................................

Essay about The Inversion of Buddhism in Heart of Darkness

The Inversion of Buddhism in Heart of Darkness In Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, Marlow is described more than once as sitting in the pose of a Buddha while he begins his story. Even our first view of Marlow prepares us for the later comparison: Marlow sat cross-legged... He had sunken cheeks, a yellow complexion, a strait back, an ascetic aspect, and, with his arms dropped, the palms of hands outwards, resembled an idol (16). This is the very image of a meditating Buddha. Our suspicions are confirmed that Conrad is indeed making reference to the Buddha as he describes the pose of the Buddha of Compassion-- note the hand raised in blessing: Mind, he began again, lifting one arm from the elbow, the palm of the hand†¦show more content†¦Sidharthas search first brought him to the forests where the ascetics meditated and practiced self-mortification having left all worldly possessions behind. Marlows account of the natives beneath the tree could easily have been what Sidhartha saw there: Black shapes crouched, lay, sat, between the trees, leaning against the trunks, clinging to the earth, half coming out, half effaced within the dim light, in all the attitudes of pain, abandonment and despair. . . . They were dying slowly . . . These moribund shapes were free as air-- and nearly as thin. (34-35) Seeking this very freedom, Sidhartha joins the ascetics while Marlow soon joins the accountant who is in such an unexpected elegance of get-up that in the first moment I took him for a sort of vision (36). The description of the accountant immediately following that of the dying natives emphasizes the contrast and reinforces the idea that the path of Sidhartha is not the path of Marlow. The accountant brought with him into the forest all the material trappings of society that ascetics went into the forest to avoid. Likewise, Marlows traveling companion to the central station is rather too fleshy (39) and often faints, requiring Marlow to shade him until he comes to. When asked what brought him there he replies To make money, of course (40), precisely the opposite goal of an ascetic. Sidhartha remains with the ascetics until he

Health Promotion and Education

Question: Describe about the Health Promotion and Education? Answer: Introduction: Health is one of the most important factors in life. Yet, many people indulge in much risky behavior which can put their health in danger. Its not easy to change their behavior as environmental, personal, political and social factors influence individual behavior. Health promotion and health education focuses on the evaluation, development and implementation of health interventions at both the environmental and behavioral levels. Health promotion and education program helps an individual to evaluate his or her behavior and gain trainings as an expert in promoting health and well being (black raine, 2006). The World Health Organization has stated health education and promotion as the process which enables people enhance their control over health and its determinants. On the other hand, health education is the process of educating people about health. Health does not mean only physical but it encompasses environmental health, social health, intellectual, emotional and spiritual health .It can be defined, as the way by which groups and individuals learn to behave in a manner relevant to the maintenance, promotion or restoration of health. Theoretical models of health promotion and education: There are some theoretical models that explain health promotion and education. They are: health belief model, stages of change model, social learning theory etc. Stages of change model: In the late 1970s, the stages of Change Model were developed by James Prochaska and Carlo Diclemente when they were studying how smokers gave up their habit of smoking. The Scm model has been applied to many behaviors such as injury prevention, weight loss, drug problems, overcoming alcohol and others (Cracked.com, 2012). The idea that scm provides is that change of behavior is not a one step phenomena. Rather, people have to go through many stages to be able to be successful. These stages are overcome at individual paces. Each person should decide for themselves when one stage is over and when they should move to the next step. Moreover such decisions should come from inside as long term changes cannot be implemented externally. The stages of change are: Pre contemplation: The individuals do not contemplate the fact that there is a problem with them. Contemplation: knowing the fact that there is the presence of a problem but not knowing or not so sure whether to change it or not. Determination/preparation: Preparing to change. Action/ Will power: change of the behavior. Maintenance: maintaining ones will power that is necessary for change. Relapse: no being able to cope up with the change and returning to old habits. But however, if a person is able to maintain his will power for long enough, he the person will be able to understand his emotions and behavior and start viewing it in a new light. If the person is able to reach this point e is finally able to transcend the old habits and is on the way to becoming a new person who no longer needs to be dependent on the old behavior n order to sustain himself (Education Portal, 2015). The Health belief Model: In the early 1950s the health Belief model was developed in order to study why people cannot adapt to disease prevention strategy of or cannot do early medical checkups to detect disease. The HBM suggests that if a person belief that a certain behavior of his is a personal threat to his health and if he believes in the recommendation for checking this threat then only he will adapt to this new behavior. The HBM believes that there are two aspects of health related bhavior1) the intention of an individual to escape sickness and 2) the knowing the fact the a health promotion will prevent the disease from happening again. Finally, the course of action of an individual is often guided by the persons perceptions of the barriers and benefits related to health behavior. There are six phases of HBM: Perceived susceptibility: this refers to a persons belief of having a disease or illness. Perceived severity: This refers to the persons feeling about leaving the disease untreated. Perceived ben efits: This refers to the persons belief of the availability of different actions present to lower the threat of the disease or illness. Cue to action: This is the process where the patient finally decides on accepting a certain health guide to be cured of the disease or illness. Self-efficacy: This refers to the level of confidence of a person on himself or herself that he /she can effectively maintain or pursue a behavior (Green, 2000). Social Learning Theory: Social Learning Theory has been proposed by Albert Bandura in 1977. It states that behavior is learned through the process of observational learning from the environment. Bandura, unlike B.F. Skinner have proposed that humans judge about the relationship between the consequences of their behavior. The Social learning theory states that individuals understand from watching other people performing the behavior (Healthpromcornwall.org, 2015). Observational learning explains how children observe people around them and eventually learn to imitate them. With the Bobo Doll experiment Bandura told an adult to act aggressively towards the bobo doll, while children observed him and later on when they were told to play with the doll, they imitated the same aggressive behavior that they have seen earlier. In this concept, Bandura observed that not only external reinforcement shapes up a behavior but also internal reinforcement which is a form of sense of accomplishment, satisfaction and confiden ce. How theoretical model can be applied to health promotion and education Theoretical models offer a number of benefits to health promotion and education. It is used as a tool box for going further than intuition to evaluating and designing interventions of health education that is based on the idea that why certain people indulge themselves in certain behaviors related to health. It is used as a foundation for program development and planning that is consistent on using evidence based interventions. It is used as a road map for developing appropriate interventions, studying problems, evaluating impacts and identifying indicators It is used as a guide to help explain how health behavior is changed and the influences of many forces that guide it, including physical and social environments. Finally, it is used as a compass to help planners identify the suitable target audiences, outcomes for evaluation and methods for implementing changes (Koelen Ban, 2004). Not any single model dominates the health promotion and education. Some theories focus on individuals while others examine changes within institutions, families, communities and cultures. A health problem may be addressed by more than one model and no one theory is suitable for all the health problems. Some theories have converged over the years. A theory should be chosen based on target population and topic. Choosing the model must first start with the assessment of the problem, the topic, the type of behavior to be addressed and finally the unit of analysis or change. The theory should be supported by past research, consistent with observations of everyday, logical, similar to those used in previous successful endeavors (Hong, 2007). Health educators take the help of planning models while developing health programs. Planning models are used for making plans, then doing it, and finally evaluating health promotion programs and for proving a framework on which to build a plan. A number of planning models have been developed over the years .there are many models that attempt to explain the nature and intensity of intervening variables in human behavior. But health behavior is mainly focused on three parameters .They are focus on intrapersonal capacities, those focus on interpersonal relationships and those that examine environmental contexts and supports (PeÃÅ' rez Luquis, 2008). Health promotion campaigns: A health promotion campaign is important to render success of a wellness program. A well researched and effective campaign should consist of cross channel communication that deliver motivational messages across the people and inspire them to take care of their health and lifestyle. The 2012 national advertising campaign against smoking drove 1.6 million smokers to try to quit smoking and helping 100,000 to succeed. In UK, Ash i.e. Action on Smoking and health was a campaign that was established in 1971 by the Royal College of Physicians. It was a public health campaign that was aimed towards eliminating the harm caused by tobacco. The campaign as not directed towards condemning or attacking smokers but its main task was to develop an opinion and awareness towards the epidemic caused by tobacco. Another aim of Ash was to initiate policy measures that will reduce the burden of disease, addiction and premature deaths attributable to tobacco (BBC News, 2015). In UK advertising has proved to be a highly profitable method in helping smokers decide to quit smoking for their own good. The Department of Health has created hugely successful and innovative campaigns over the years. In England, nearly 80,000 people are killed every year for smoking. Around 1,260 people are admitted to hospitals every day because of smoking related illness. Healthy Lives, healthy people is a tobacco control plan in England which has st out a tobacco control strategy for the citizens which can rule out smoking from the lives of the English. This campaign has reminded smokers of the unhealthy effects of smoking and their reasons of why they should quit smoking. They have encouraged other people to help their relatives to quit smoking as well as helping them with the most effective ways of quitting. Because of these health campaigns started out by the government nearly two thirds of Englands smokers have already accepted that they want o give up on the bad habit. Another Graphic anti-smoking c ampaign from public health England warns the smokers that smoking rots the body inside out and affects the bones, teeth, brain and eyes. The Public health England has launched a campaign by saying That it causes a slow and steady decline of the body. An online advertising showed a man smoking a cigarette formed of rotting human flesh, marking the PHE;s slogan that every cigarette rots you from inside out. The PHE has claimed that the previous anti smoking campaigns Mutations and :Toxic cycle has helped in declining the smoking rates in England to a remarkable 18.4 percent. The campaign aims to highlight the effect of the toxic ingredients in cigarettes to a human body which would cause damage to their muscles and bones. PHE warned the current smokers that 59 % of them are likely to develop Alzheimers disease than non smokers and smoking also degenerates eyes at a much earlier age. Professor Kevin Fenton, National director for well being and health for PHE said that much of the signs of smoking come during middle ages but the invisible effects start showing up at a shockingly early age. he also said that any age is good for stopping but it should be sopped earlier to stop the effects of smoking, so the smokers should stop smoking now and stop the rotting of the body(Resources.smokefree.nhs.uk, 2015). However, the smoking group has branded the campaign as poisonous. In reply Simon Clark , director of the smoking group Forest has said that any sane adult of United Kingdom knows the health risks of smoking and they need not be taught only they have to realize it and stop smoking. But he also said that the way the public campaigners are trying to scare and harass the public with exaggerated claims and dubious statistics is not healthy and if Public Health England wants to be effective they should be engaged with consumers and not scare them off with rotten campaigns such as this. Conclusion: Health is one of the most important factors in life. Health education is the process of educating people about health. There are some theoretical models explains health promotion and education. They are health belief model, stages of change model, social learning theory etc. The idea that Stages of Change Model provides is that change of behavior is not a one step phenomena. Rather, people have to go through distinct phases to be able to be successful (Thecommunityguide.org, 2015). The HBM suggests that if a person belief that a certain behavior of his is a personal threat to his health and if he believes in the recommendation for checking this threat then only he will adapt to this new behavior. .The Social learning theory states that individuals learn from watching other people performing the behavior. References: BBC News,. (2015). Anti-smoking advert 'aims to shock'. Retrieved 22 February 2015, from https://www.bbc.com/news/health-30621625 Black, N., raine, r. (2006). UNDERSTANDING PUBLIC HEALTH (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.sanjeshp.ir/phd/phd_91/Pages/Refrences/health%20education%20and%20promotion/[Maggie_Davies,_Wendy_Macdowall]_Health_Promotion_(BookFi.or.pdf) Ecu.edu,. (2015). Department of Health Education and Promotion. Retrieved 20 February 2015, from https://www.ecu.edu/cs-hhp/hlth/ Education Portal,. (2015). What Is the Health Promotion Model? - Definition Theory | Education Portal. Retrieved 20 February 2015, from https://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/what-is-the-health-promotion-model-definition-theory.html Green, J. (2000). The role of theory in evidence-based health promotion practice. Health Education Research, 15(2), 125-129. doi:10.1093/her/15.2.125 Healthpromcornwall.org,. (2015). Health campaigns : Health Promotion Cornwall. Retrieved 20 February 2015, from https://www.healthpromcornwall.org/information-services/campaigns/ Hong, P. (2007). Health education research trends. New York: Nova Biomedical Books. Koelen, M., Ban, A. (2004). Health education and health promotion. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers. Mittelmark, M. (2008). Promotion Education becomes Global Health Promotion. Promotion Education, 15(4), 3-3. doi:10.1177/1025382308097691 Mittelmark, M. (2008). Promotion Education becomes Global Health Promotion. Promotion Education, 15(4), 3-3. doi:10.1177/1025382308097691 NetHope, E. (2014). Evaluating Social Media Components of Health Communication Campaigns - Health Communication Capacity Collaborative - Social and Behavior Change Communication. Health Communication Capacity Collaborative - Social and Behavior Change Communication. Retrieved 20 February 2015, from https://www.healthcommcapacity.org/evaluating-social-media-components-health-communication-campaigns/ organization, w. (2012). Health education: theoretical concepts, effective strategies and core competencies (1st ed.). World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://applications.emro.who.int/dsaf/EMRPUB_2012_EN_1362.pdf Patient.co.uk,. (2015). Health Promotion / Lifestyle | Directory | Patient.co.uk. Retrieved 20 February 2015, from https://www.patient.co.uk/directory/health-promotion-lifestyle Pe rez, M., Luquis, R. (2008). Cultural competence in health education and health promotion. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Practitioners, T. (2015). RACGP - Health promotion campaigns. Racgp.org.au. Retrieved 20 February 2015, from https://www.racgp.org.au/your-practice/guidelines/greenbook/applying-the-framework-strategies,-activities-and-resources/effectiveness-(2)/health-promotion-campaigns/ Prevention, C. (2015). Campaigns| Gateway to Health Communication | CDC. Cdc.gov. Retrieved 20 February 2015, from https://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/campaigns/index.html Raingruber, B. (2015). Health Promotion Theories (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://samples.jbpub.com/9781449697211/28123_CH03_Pass2.pdf Resources.smokefree.nhs.uk,. (2015). Campaigns | Smokefree Resource Centre. Retrieved 22 February 2015, from https://resources.smokefree.nhs.uk/campaign/ shaping the future of health promotion. (2009) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://file:///C:/Users/computer/Downloads/WhyTheoryMattersdraft23Jan09%20(1).pdf aylor, N. (2012). Health education in context. Rotterdam: SensePublishers. Thecommunityguide.org,. (2015). The Community Guide - News and Announcements - Effectiveness of Health Communication Campaigns That Include Mass Media and Health-Related Product Distribution. Retrieved 20 February 2015, from https://www.thecommunityguide.org/news/2012/HealthCommunicationCampaigns.html Theories and Models Frequently Used in Health Promotion. (2015) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.rchf.org/news/pdf/theories-and-models-frequently-used-in-health-promotion.pdf Van den Broucke, S. (2012). Theory-informed health promotion: seeing the bigger picture by looking at the details. Health Promotion International, 27(2), 143-147. doi:10.1093/heapro/das018ho.int,. (2015). WHO | Mark these days for health in your calendar. Retrieved 20 February 2015, from https://www.who.int/campaigns/en/

Suicide Prevention Strategies Mental Health

Question: Discuss about the Suicide Prevention Strategies for Mental Health. Answer: Introduction: According to the most recent suicide rate statistics from the year 2013 men over 85 have the highest percentage of suicides out of the whole Australian population(Beautrais, 2006). But this phenomenon is not new only the attention that these numbers has garnered is new and in many ways positive. More than 40 men in every 10,000 of this age group die by suicide. These figures are double than the rate of men dying by suicides under 35. It is seven times higher than women in all age groups. There are only a few exceptions in yearly figures but the rates in older male suicides have always been high. While these rates fluctuate from year to year so the question arises here is why the suicides in older men are higher in comparison to others? We need to study about the reasons that are responsible for these high rates. (Joiner, 2011)Some of these reasons were studied in the Interpersonal model by T.E Joiner in his book Lonely at the top: The high cost of mens success. Where he discusses how two components comprise to higher male suicides. These two components are physical pain insensitivity and fearlessness about death. Men have a higher acquired capability to kill themselves when they are considering suicide. Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness are some factors in mens suicide and also contribute to his theory. (Kolves, 2011)Men usually have a tendency to not identify and respond to the negative distress or emotions they feel. This results in severe emotional responses and chronic and adverse life events. They are more inclined to not share and communicate their feelings of hopelessness and despair. Men also have a fewer social connections and therefore they normally portray a stoic attitude towards misfo rtune.(Beghi, 2010) They do not seek help for emotional distress as they often feel it is a sign of failure and weakness. They prefer to solve problems on their own and which does not help in case of emotional or mental distress. Older adult suicides are triggered by many factors such as loss of control over health issues and financial issues that lead to feelings of hopelessness and despair(Berk, 2006). In their seventh decade of life their thoughts comprise of life assessments. They think about the achievements and accomplishments of their past and what oppurtunities they have for their future. Often for older adults confidence and satisfaction is nonexistent or elusive. There are numerous challenges of older age that results in depression and other mental health issues in older men. Good mental health is a necessity for building and maintaining a good life.(Brownhill, 2005) Yet one in five Australians deal with mental health issues each year. Most people who suffer from mental health problems experience intermittent or on-off symptoms which lets them sustain community, work and family life. Life events like loss of loved ones or pets, loss of paid income, retirement and fear of loss of self are difficult to manage at an old age. They experience fear of losing their independent status which results in anxiety. Many studies in Gerontology have shown that there is a relationship between happiness in later life and flexibility and activity. Therefore there is a relationship between unhappiness and possible suicide in older age(Denney, 2009). Social support, health and finances are important in life satisfaction and loss of any one of these factors can lead to depression and suicidal thoughts. Anger and frustration are also a result of frustrated psychological needs, hopelessness, feelings of helplessness and psychological or physical pain. Beliefs and attitude of autonomy, responsibility and dignity also play an important part in suicide. Older adults have experienced problems and stressors throughout their life that have developed successful coping mechanisms that enable t hem to deal with distress and disappointment(Harwood, 2000). But elders who are experiencing a more elevated risk of suicidal tendencies embrace a perceptive of inability to tolerate the negative circumstances and perceive themselves as powerless to change the circumstances. For them life has no meaning and they think themselves as a burden on others. Suicide may appear as an impulsive act but often people have contemplated suicide for years before initiating an act. The correlation between suicide and major depression has been proved by many studies but one study by Hawton, Harwood, Jacoby and Hope in the year 2000 proved that there is an increased risk of suicides in older men who have poor social support. These studies were able to derive some predictors for suicide behavior in older men. Some of these predictors are depression, poor social support, alcohol abuse, financial factors, rural location, and indigenous heritage(Page, 2007). According to the data made available by ABS f or the year 2010 the age standardized death rate by suicide was 2.5 times higher in (ABS) Aboriginal and Torres Strait adult males in comparison to non- Indigenous adult males(Hunter, 2006). In our society many people think that depression is a part of growing old. But family members, friends and professionals have to be careful and alert to notice any changes in behavior in older adults. These changes can be eating problems, and sleep problems(Mishara, 2005). Community healthcare programs that focus on the spiritual, cultural, emotional and social underpinnings of the community wellbeing will be effective in preventing suicides in older men. Effective suicide prevention programs are based on the understanding that suicides can be prevented. A reason for the high rates of suicides in men related to men characteristics such as they do not recognize the symptoms of emotional distress, they do not want professional help but rather prefer to work things out(Witte, 2012). Therefore it is crucial that the interventions and services that are designed for them are specifically addressing their needs. These programs acknowledge the unique characteristics of men. The address the r isk factors that are present in the community and maintain networks of services and individuals. There are 3 types of suicide prevention programs. Some which build resilience in individuals, some that are crisis intervention programs and other that are postvention programs. NSPS or the National Suicide Prevention Strategy is providing a platform for Australias national policy for preventing suicides by emphasizing on early intervention, promotion and prevention. Australia is the first country that has taken a nationally coordinated approach to prevent suicides. The main objectives of this strategy is to build individual resilience and give the person the capability to self help, improve the community strength in suicide prevention, by providing suicide preventing activities, implementing quality and standards in suicide prevention, having a coordinated approach to suicide prevention and improving and understanding the evidence based suicide prevention. This strategy is a systems bas ed approach on a regional level that approaches suicide prevention by PHNs or Primary Health Networks in partnerships with the Local hospitals, territories and States. They have a flexible funding pool. Through this policy the government has refocused their efforts in preventing suicides in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ABS) communities by considering the recommendations that were made in (ABS) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Suicide Prevention Strategy. It is a joint commitment by the territories, states and the Australian Government to prevent suicides and to ensure that people who had attempted suicides in the past are being given proper follow up support. From July 1st 2016 the Primary Health Networks are tasked to commission regional suicide prevention services and activities that will work with the local hospitals and other organisations to support the people who are at a risk of attempting suicides. Primary health networks will recognize and identify (ABS) Abor iginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in their region those are at risk of suicide(De Leo D, 2011). One of the components of this strategy is LIFE framework that was developed in 2000 and was updated in the year 2007. This framework is providing an operational framework for the National Suicide Prevention Strategy by outlining the purpose, vision, proposed outcomes, action areas and principles for suicide prevention in the country. In the year 2011 this framework was adopted all over Australia by all jurisdictions(Esler D, 2008). The practice of blaming men for not seeking help and bottling up their emotions has to change as it is simplistic, and lazy. It is a way to quiety avoids dealing with the grave, complex and sad issue of Male suicides. In order to understand suicide in men we need to acknowledge the cultural and psychobiological demands and realities in a mans life. We have to get rid of our Ageist attitude that believes that it is normal for an older person to get depressed. The rapidly aging population of Australia needs a change otherwise this issue will only increase with the growing numbers. References Beautrais, A. (2006). Suicide prevention strategies. Advances in Mental Health , 1621. Beghi, M. . (2010). Risk factor for fatal and nonfatal repetition of suicide attempt: a critical appraisal. Current Opinion in Psychiatry , 349-355. Berk, M. D. (2006). The effect of macroeconomic variables on suicide. Psychological Medicine , 181-189. Brownhill, S. W. (2005). Big build: hidden depression in men. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 921-931. De Leo D, S. J. (2011). Suicide in Indigenous populations of Queensland. Brisbane: Australian Academic Press. Denney, J. R. (2009). Adult Suicide Mortality in the United States: Marital Status, Family Size, Socioeconomic Status, and Differences by Sex. Social Science Quarterly , 1167-1185. Esler D, J. F. (2008). The validity of a depression screening tool modified for use with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health , 31721. Harwood, D. H. (2000). Suicide in older people: Mode of death, demographic factors, and medical contact before death. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 736-743. Hunter, E. . (2006). Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander suicide in context. Archives of Suicide Research , 141-157. Joiner, T. (2011). Lonely at the top - The high cost of mens success. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. Kolves, K. I. (2011). Marital breakdown, shame, and suicidality in men: A direct link? Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 149-159. Mishara, B. H. (2005). Comparison of the effects of four suicide prevention programs for family and friends of high-risk suicidal men who do not seek help themselves. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 329-342. Page, A. M. (2007). Further increases in rural suicide in young Australian adults: Secular trends, 1979-2003. Social Science and Medicine , 442-453. Witte, T. G. (2012). Stoicism and sensation seeking: male vulnerabilities for the acquired capability for suicide. Journal of Research in Personality , 384-392.